Carbon Steel
Usually have a carbon content of between 0.04% and 0.30%. The largest category of carbon steel is this one. The shapes it covers range greatly, from Flat Sheets to Structural Beams. Other elements are decreased or increased based on the desired qualities required. It is flexible, malleable, and soft. Steel bars, stamping-resistant components, specific steels, etc., are among the things it mostly produces. The surface hardness of low-carbon steel can be improved through the carburizing process, making it more abrasion resistant and boosting its strength even further.
| Grade | UNS Number | Composition (%) | Density (g/cm³) | Melting Point (°C) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Yield Strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1010 | G10100 | C 0.08-0.13, Mn 0.30-0.60, P ≤ 0.04, S ≤ 0.05, Fe balance | 7.87 | 1510 | 365-480 | 180-320 | 28-34 | Cold heading, fasteners, general-purpose applications |
| 1020 | G10200 | C 0.18-0.23, Mn 0.30-0.60, P ≤ 0.04, S ≤ 0.05, Fe balance | 7.87 | 1510 | 420-550 | 210-380 | 28-36 | General-purpose applications, machinery parts, cold headed bolts |
| 1040 | G10400 | C 0.37-0.44, Mn 0.60-0.90, P ≤ 0.04, S ≤ 0.05, Fe balance | 7.85 | 1510 | 620-880 | 415-550 | 15-25 | Shafts, gears, bolts, and other general engineering applications |
| 1045 | G10450 | C 0.42-0.50, Mn 0.60-0.90, P ≤ 0.04, S ≤ 0.05, Fe balance | 7.85 | 1510 | 570-700 | 300-450 | 16-22 | Gears, axles, bolts, and other high-strength applications |
| 1060 | G10600 | C 0.55-0.65, Mn 0.60-0.90, P ≤ 0.04, S ≤ 0.05, Fe balance | 7.84 | 1510 | 620-760 | 350-470 | 10-20 | Spring steel, cutting tools, high-strength applications |
| 1095 | G10950 | C 0.90-1.03, Mn 0.30-0.50, P ≤ 0.04, S ≤ 0.05, Fe balance | 7.83 | 1510 | 850-1000 | 450-700 | 5-10 | Cutting tools, knives, springs, and high-carbon applications |
| A36 | K02600 | C 0.25-0.29, Mn 0.80-1.20, P ≤ 0.04, S ≤ 0.05, Si 0.15-0.40, Fe balance | 7.85 | 1425-1538 | 400-550 | 250-400 | 20-30 | Structural shapes, construction, bridges, buildings |
| AISI 1215 | G12150 | C 0.09-0.12, Mn 0.75-1.15, P 0.04-0.09, S 0.26-0.35, Fe balance | 7.87 | 1510 | 390-510 | 270-380 | 15-25 | Free-machining steel for screws, fasteners, and machined parts |
It has a typical carbon value between 0.31% and 0.60% and a manganese content between.060% and 1.65%. Although this product is more difficult to mold, weld, and cut than low-carbon steel, it is stronger. Heat treatment is a common method for hardening and tempering medium carbon steels. It is ideal for producing products like gears and studs that will endure a lot of wear and tear. Medium carbon steel can be heated and maintained at a constant temperature until it reaches the desired hardness, then soaked and cooled if more hardening is required. The production of stainless steel is the primary goal.
| EN Number | Alloy Designation | Composition (%) | Density (g/cm³) | Melting Point (°C) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Yield Strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EN 1.0038 | S235JR | C ≤ 0.17, Mn ≤ 1.40, Si ≤ 0.035, P ≤ 0.035, S ≤ 0.035 | 7.85 | 1425-1540 | 360-510 | 235 | 26 | Structural applications, construction |
| EN 1.0577 | S355J2 | C ≤ 0.24, Mn ≤ 1.60, Si ≤ 0.55, P ≤ 0.035, S ≤ 0.035 | 7.85 | 1425-1540 | 450-630 | 355 | 22 | Structural engineering, construction |
| EN 1.0503 | C45 | C 0.42-0.50, Mn 0.50-0.80, Si ≤ 0.40, P ≤ 0.045, S ≤ 0.045 | 7.85 | 1425-1540 | 570-700 | 280-430 | 16 | Machinery, automotive components |
| EN 1.1191 | C35 | C 0.32-0.39, Mn 0.50-0.80, Si ≤ 0.40, P ≤ 0.045, S ≤ 0.045 | 7.85 | 1425-1540 | 600-750 | 305-350 | 12 | Shafts, gears, and other mechanical parts |
| EN 1.0037 | S235JRG2 | C ≤ 0.17, Mn ≤ 1.40, Si ≤ 0.035, P ≤ 0.035, S ≤ 0.035 | 7.85 | 1425-1540 | 340-470 | 235 | 26 | Structural applications, general engineering |
| EN 1.0402 | C22 | C 0.18-0.24, Mn 0.30-0.60, Si ≤ 0.40, P ≤ 0.045, S ≤ 0.045 | 7.85 | 1425-1540 | 340-580 | 230-280 | 20 | Lightly stressed components, general engineering |
| EN 1.1121 | C60 | C 0.57-0.65, Mn 0.50-0.80, Si ≤ 0.40, P ≤ 0.045, S ≤ 0.045 | 7.85 | 1425-1540 | 610-770 | 300-450 | 10 | Springs, high-stress components |
It is frequently referred to as “carbon tool steel” and usually contains carbon content between 0.61% and 1.50%. Cutting, bending, and welding high-carbon steel is particularly challenging. It gets exceedingly hard and brittle after being heated. High-carbon steel can be made with chromium and manganese alloys added to assist the material resists corrosion. The primary applications are steel doors, rails, knives, general bearings, and steel frame molds (used to shape steel).